Watch this video to understand the nature and characteristics of principles of management. If you like this video, subscribe to our channel for more such videos of all subjects of HSC board.
The nature and characteristics of principles of management can be briefly explained as follows:
1. Basic Guidelines : The principles provide basic guidelines to the managers to manage the subordinates effectively. If a manger follows the well established principles of management then he/she would be in better position to get the work done effectively and efficiently from the subordinates.
2. Applicable to business and non-business organisations: The principles of management are universal in nature. They are applicable to business organisations as well as to non business organisations. For instance the principles of management must be followed by managers in a non-business organisation such as hospitals, educational institutions, charitable trust etc.
3. Applicable at all levels: The principles of management must be followed by managers at all levels. This is because, managers at all levels have to deal with their subordinates to get the work done. Therefore managers at the top level and also at the middle and lower level must follow the principles of management in order to get the work done efficiently and effectively from the subordinates.
4. Applicable to any size of business : The principles of management are applicable not only to large organisations such as joint stock companies but also to small organisations. For instance a sole trader with limited number of employees has to follow the principles of management in order to motivate the employees and to to run the organisation successfully.
5. Time Tested: The principles of management are time tested. The basic principles of management have remained the same number of centuries. The kings and religious leaders have followed the principles of management since the days of civilization. Also the business and non-business organization have used the principles of management since ages. Whenever there are employees or group effort, there is need to manage people effectively with the help of principles.
6. Intangible : The principles of management are not directly visible. The effect of principles can be felt by the results. If the managers follow the principles then there can be higher results in the organisation in the form at: * Reduction of wastage * Optimum use of resources * Motivated and dedicated workforce * Higher efficiency
7. Global Application: The principles of management have global application. The principles of management are not restricted to a few countries. Effective managers in all organisations across all continents of the globe do follow the principles of management.
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The poem “Where the mind is without fear” is written by Ravindranath Tagore.
This poem is one of his vastly read and discussed poem. It was originally composed in Bengali and later he himself translated it into English. This poem is from his Nobel Prize-winning anthology ‘Gitanjali’.
Tagore lived during the time when India was ruled by the British. In this poem , Tagore express his love for our country and wishes that in our country knowledge should be made available to all, his countrymen should not live in fear and always speak truth with honesty. He further wishes that people of his country must always try to eradicate the evils from the society.
Watch this video to understand the poem. Go through the word meanings, Appreciation, Figures of speech and questions and answers. It covers everything that you need for board exams. If you like the video, subscribe to our youtube channel for more such videos of other subjects also.
Word meaning
Narrow Domestic walls : division on the basis of religion, caste, class and colour in societies
Tireless striving : continuous efforts and struggle
Perfection : faultless
stretches its arm : aims at achieving a goal
clear stream of reason : logical thinking
Depth of truth : honesty
Dead habit : Old traditional rituals
Dreary : Dull
Thee : God
Ever-widening : Forever broadening
Fragments : Small Parts
Heaven of freedom : condition of total freedom of good thoughts, good words and good deeds, while respecting those of others
Appreciation
The poem ’Where the mind is without fear’ by Rabindranath Tagore is a prayer to God.
The poem is written in free verse without any rhyme scheme.There are many figures of speech e.g Repetition, Metaphor, Alliteration, etc. An important figure of speech is Personification-* ‘Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection’*. Here, we can actually visualize ‘tireless striving stretching its arms to reach its goal.
In the poem, Tagore addresses God as ‘my Father’ and asks Him to awaken his country into heaven of freedom, where there is total freedom of good thoughts, good words and good actions. He wishes for a country where people are free from fear, where knowledge is free to all individuals and people from all castes and religions are united.
Figures of speech
Where the mind is without fear and head is held high Figures of Speech : Alliteration Explanation : The sound of ‘w’ and ‘h’ is repeated for poetic effect
. Where the world has not been broken up into fragments. Figures of Speech: Alliteration Explanation : The sound of ‘w’ and ‘b’ is repeated for poetic effect.
Narrow domestic walls Figures of Speech : Metaphor Explanation : Narrow domestic walls are indirectly compared to narrow minded divisions in the society.
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection Figures of Speech : Personification Explanation : Non-living object striving is given human qualities of being tireless and stretching.
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way Figures of speech : Metaphor Explanation : The figure of speech is metaphor because reason has been compared to ‘a clear stream’.
Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit Figures of Speech : Alliteration Explanation : The sound of letter d is repeated for poetic effect.
Where the mind is led forward by thee Figures of Speech : Synecdoche Explanation : Here mind(part) stands for citizen(full).
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake. Figures of Speech : Apostrophe Explanation : A direct address has been made to the Father(god) who is not present there)
Questions & Answers
What does the poet pray to the Almighty for? Ans : The poet prays to the Almighty for a ‘heaven of freedom’ for his country where people would be fearless, knowledgeable, truthful, dignified, hard-working, logical and broad-minded.
What are ‘reason’ and ‘dead habit’ compared to? Ans: The poet compares ‘reason’ to a clear stream and ‘dead habit’ to harmful old customs and rituals.
What does the poet wish for? Ans: He wishes people to be open-minded , progressive and use their thinking abilities so that they can taste freedom in true sense. Answer: The poet wishes that his country awakens into heaven of freedom, where the people are all truly free and total freedom of good thoughts, good words and good actions exists.
How is the world broken into fragments? Ans : The narrow domestic walls which caused barriers of caste, creed, religion, language, communalism and gender discrimination made the world broken into fragments.
Explain what the ‘tireless striving’ should, be for. Ans : The poet wants his countrymen to strive without getting tired to achieve perfection leaving behind prejudices and old traditions. This will help to achieve our goals and gain success
Where come out from the depth of truth.’ Explain in your own words. Ans : The poet wished that in his country or rather in the world, People must not lie and they should be honest in their thoughts and action. The words spoken by them must come from the very core of the heart.
Who is ‘Thee’ in the poem ? What does the poet appeal to ‘Thee’ to do ? Ans: Thee’ refers to the almighty God. The poet appeals to the almighty God that his country should win such freedom in which the people live fearlessly and their head is held high with pride. He also wants freedom from illogical and impractical things, superstitious, blind faith, narrow-mindedness, caste, class, gender differences etc.
What qualities does the poet wish to inculcate in his countrymen ? Ans : The poet wished that his countrymen must be fearless, broad-minded, to be not divided by religion, caste, class and colour. He wants his countrymen to be honest with logical thinking and not to be lost in old traditional habits,superstitions, blind-faith. Poet wants his countrymen to forever broaden their outlook.
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Other poems from the textbook of SSC Maharashtra Board
‘The pulley’ poem is written by George Herbert who was a Welsh poet. He was a priest by profession. He wrote religious poems with a lot of imagery.
“The Pulley” shows how God lifts man towards Himself with the pulley of restlessness.
Watch this video to understand the poem. Go through the word meanings, Appreciation and Figures of speech. It covers everything that you need for board exams.
Word meaning
Blessing: expressing thanks, affection, or good wishes
Riches: valuable possessions
Dispersed: spread
Contract: (here) they tighten and become smaller
Span: Small Space
Strength: physical energy or potential of a person
Made a way: made an entry into the soul
God made a stay: God stops his activity
Perceiving: to realize or notice you continue to be there and do not move away
Treasure: gifts
Creature: we, the human beings created by God
Adore: love, worship, praise
The rest: the remainder of all gifts of God
Repining: worrying
Weary: tired, exhausted
Appreciation
The title of the poem is ‘The Pulley’. The poem is written by Welsh poet George Herbert who was a priest by profession.
Each stanza of the poem has five lines. The rhyme scheme of the poem is a-b-a-b-a. The chief figure of speech used in the poem is Metaphor. The ‘glass of blessings’ signifies the sum of all human qualities bestowed on man. The quality of ‘rest or ‘contentment is implicitly compared to a jewel’. The other figures of speech are Pun, Inversion, Paradox, etc.
The central idea of the poem is the reason for man’s continual restlessness all his life. According to the poet, this is because God withheld the quality of ‘rest’ from man, so that man’s thoughts would ultimately turn towards God, his creator.
Figures of speech
Having a glass of blessings standing by Figure of speech: Metaphor Explanation: The ‘glass of blessings‘ signifies the sum of all human qualities bestowed on man
Rest in the bottom lay : Figure of Speech: Pun Explanation: The word has two meanings, It means remaining and it also means the gift of ‘rest’.
Let him be rich and weary. Figure of Speech: Paradox Explanation: Opposite ideas of being rich and weary at the same time are mentioned in the poem.
Repinning restlessness Figure of Speech: Alliteration Explanation: The sound of r is repeated for poetic effect
So both should losers be Figure of speech: Inversion, Alliteration Explanation: Inversion: The words have been arranged in an inverse manner to add a poetic effect. Correct Order: “So both should be losers” Alliteration: Sound s is repeated for poetic effect
May toss him to my breast Figure of speech: synecdoche Explanation: The breast is only referencing the chest, but it is talking about the comfort one will receive from God.
Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that refers to a part of something is substituted to stand in for the whole or vice versa.
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Other poems from the textbook of SSC Maharashtra Board
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